{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:18Z","timestamp":1787761938389,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To evaluate the accuracy of the Rinne test in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss (CHL) at the frequencies of 512, 1024 and 2048\u2009Hz comparing to standard audiometry. (2) To define a possible linear relationship between the frequencies of the tuning forks and the proportional increase in the air\u2010bone gap (ABG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient otology clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and twenty\u2010one patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in at least 1 ear were evaluated between 1998 and 2019 and underwent the Rinne test with 512, 1024, and 2048\u2009Hz tuning forks followed by an audiometry prior to surgery. Then, the Rinne test results were compared with the ABG found in audiometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sensitivity of the Rinne test in the diagnosis of otosclerosis was 97.3%, 91%, and 48% at 512, 1024, and 2048\u2009Hz, respectively. The test showed high specificity at all frequencies (90.7% at 512\u2009Hz, 100% at 1024\u2009Hz, and 100% at 2048\u2009Hz). Logistic regression used to calculate the Rinne transition point revealed that the probability of a negative Rinne test result reached 50% from an ABG of 13.9\u2009dB, 18.7\u2009dB, and 31.3\u2009dB when using 512, 1024, and 2048\u2009Hz, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Rinne test has a high sensitivity at the frequencies of 512 and 1024\u2009Hz, being an excellent test for otosclerosis screening. At the same time, the use of the 3 tuning fork frequencies is an excellent method for estimating the severity of pure conductive hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:10:45Z","timestamp":1781608245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reassessing the Rinne Test: Importance of a Three\u2010Frequency Tuning Fork Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin B. C.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Governador Celso Ramos Hospital Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Passo Fundo (UPF) Passo Fundo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1454-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolfh B.","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) Passo Fundo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7595-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natan L.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Ararangu\u00e1 Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2872-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Zatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Governador Celso Ramos Hospital Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4833-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur H.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Governador Celso Ramos Hospital Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa C.","family":"Nauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Governador Celso Ramos Hospital Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Lavinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syriaco A.","family":"Kotzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Governador Celso Ramos Hospital Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Contributions to the physiology of the human ear","volume":"1","author":"Rinne A","year":"1855","journal-title":"Prager Vierteljahrschr fd praktische Heilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348944605500215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197001000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818770405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4665-3.00021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recommended procedure for Rinne and Weber tuning\u2010fork tests. 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