{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:09:47Z","timestamp":1790690987987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laryngeal leishmaniasis is a rare, insidious manifestation of Leishmania infection with potential for life\u2010threatening complications. Awareness is critical for efficient and timely diagnosis. This systematic review of laryngeal leishmaniasis focuses on presentation, treatment, and the role of serological studies in the work up of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of English literature was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Studies with both systemic and isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis data were included. Data on demographics, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 81 patients included, the majority were male (87.7%) and were exposed to a region endemic to Leishmania (97.3%). The mean age was 51.8 years. The most common symptoms were dysphonia (79.0%) and dysphagia (17.0%). Mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 18.4 months. Among patients who received serological testing for leishmaniasis, 77.2% tested positive, and those with isolated disease showed lower sensitivity. The most common treatment modalities were amphotericin (35.8%) and meglumine antimoniate (30.9%), whereas surgical treatment was pursued in only 6.7%. Most patients achieved symptom resolution (78.3%) at last follow\u2010up (mean 12.7 months). 12.3% of patients required a tracheostomy\u2014time from symptom onset to diagnosis did not differ in patients with tracheostomy versus no tracheostomy (29.4 vs 16.3 months,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.082).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laryngeal leishmaniasis is a difficult diagnosis, particularly in nonendemic regions. In fact, there is often a delay in diagnosis. Serological studies may play an important role in supporting the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:44:27Z","timestamp":1785411867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Diagnostic Considerations in Laryngeal Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Celidonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Filipkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Shave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Robert Wood Johnson\/Rutgers University 675 Hoes Lane West Piscataway 08854 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myat E.","family":"Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 90 Bergen St Newark 07103 New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11120.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7162\/S1809-97772012000400015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109004216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0387"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"Rapid tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with suspected disease","volume":"2014","author":"Boelaert M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"ViswanathanM AnsariMT BerkmanND et al. Assessing the risk of bias of individual studies in systematic reviews of health care interventions. Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) 2008. Accessed January 6 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Leishmaniasis. Accessed November 27 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/gho-ntd-leishmaniasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Windows into leishmaniasis epidemiology in the United States: September 2021 through August 2022","volume":"1","author":"Truong TT","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRXiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"CDC Yellow Book 2024","author":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419509113537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05558-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","article-title":"Laryngeal leishmaniasis in a patient taking inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"2016","author":"Roberts RM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Laryngeal leishmaniasis: a neglected, emerging disease in Northern Italy","volume":"1","author":"Lazzeroni M","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02029-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01055-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinpr.2020.100025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"Leishmaniasis rapid test\u2014an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Accessed December 19 2024.https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/leishmaniasis-rapid-test"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oto2.70281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/oto2.70281","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oto2.70281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:33:59Z","timestamp":1790688839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oto2.70281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oto2.70281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oto2.70281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70281"}}