{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1768527767992,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Present the results of the secondary obliteration of chronically discharging radical cavities using S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010center study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single\u2010center retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients that underwent secondary obliteration of persistently draining radical cavities using S53P4 BAG between 2011 and 2022. Patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were excluded. The main outcome was postoperative otorrhea, as indicated by Merchant grading.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 97 patients were included. The median postoperative follow\u2010up time was 3.9 years (range 0.5\u201010.4). Average time between the original canal wall down surgery and the secondary obliteration was 25.3 years (SD 11.7, range 2\u201066). At the most recent follow\u2010up visit, a Merchant grade of 0 to 1 was observed in 95% of the cases. There were no cases of sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy, one case developed a retro auricular skin defect and 1 patient developed CSF leakage. Minor complications were seen in 10 patients (10%). Ossicular chain reconstruction with a titanium prosthesis was performed in 42 cases, resulting in a median improvement of 11.2\u2009dB in air conduction thresholds. In 9\/42 cases (21%), closure of the postoperative air\u2010bone gap to \u226420\u2009dB was achieved. Twenty\u2010five percent of cases could be discharged from out\u2010patient visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Revision of persistently draining radical cavities with BAG obliteration is feasible and results in a dry and safe ear in 95% of the patients, thereby enabling wearing of a conventional hearing aid. Out\u2010patient visits could be ceased in 25% of the cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T05:48:25Z","timestamp":1701236905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of S53P4 Bioactive Glass for the Secondary Obliteration of Chronically Discharging Radical Cavities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0509-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor J.","family":"Kroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Diakonessenhuis Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven 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