{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:27:46Z","timestamp":1777631266999,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To investigate if binocular cross\u2010correlation metrics derived from the aberrated monocular retinal images can explain the deterioration of stereoacuity following keratorefractive surgeries. (2) To investigate if the quality of binocular metrics improves with improved monocular retinal image quality and pupil miosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010order aberrations (HOAs) were obtained over 6\u00a0mm pupil diameter from 99 young adults undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a026), laser\u2010assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a038), and ReLEx small\u2010incision lenticule extraction (SMILE;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a035) for myopia correction. Point spread functions derived from HOAs were convolved with random\u2010dot stereo pairs and cross\u2010correlated to obtain four binocular metrics\u2014signal width, signal height, signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio, and height\u2010to\u2010width ratio\u2014that signified the quality of the disparity signal. These metrics were derived pre\u2010operatively and at 1\u2010week, 1\u2010month, 3\u2010month, and 6\u2010month after surgeries, and correlated with the subject's stereoacuity for 6\u00a0mm pupil diameters. Binocular metrics were also derived for 4\u00a0mm pupil diameters and compared with the 6\u00a0mm data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Larger interocular differences in retinal image quality led to reduced disparity signal quality and less optimal values of the\u00a0binocular metrics. These trends were strongly correlated with the subject's stereoacuity across refractive surgeries (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2265\u00a00.71;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Relative to pre\u2010operative values, post\u2010operative metrics worsened at 1\u2010week followed by a recovery period (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). All post\u2010operative metrics for PRK and LASIK surgeries were similar (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2265\u00a00.67), but worse than SMILE surgery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The binocular metrics derived for the 4\u00a0mm pupil diameters were superior to those of the 6\u00a0mm pupil diameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Binocular cross\u2010correlation metrics derived from the aberrated monocular retinal images signify the strength of the disparity signal, and capture much of the stereoacuity losses following keratorefractive surgeries for myopia. Binocularity may be better preserved after SMILE surgery owing to the smaller interocular mismatches in optical quality, relative to PRK and LASIK surgeries for comparable pupil diameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ovs2.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:10:51Z","timestamp":1776913851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interocular mismatches of high\u2010order wavefront aberrations impair stereoacuity following refractive surgeries by reducing the disparity signal quality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2580-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2952-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrikant R.","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brien Holden Institute and Optometry and Vision Sciences and Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre L V Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifton M.","family":"Schor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry University of California at Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samrat","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brien Holden Institute and Optometry and Vision Sciences and Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre L V Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pravin K.","family":"Vaddavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Sanghvi Cornea Institute L V Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Metlapally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"Effects of aniseikonia, anisometropia, accommodation, retinal illuminance, and pupil size on stereopsis","volume":"26","author":"Lovasik JV","year":"1985","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis 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