{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:02:44Z","timestamp":1780365764148,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY011751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY011751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY024333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY024333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report testability and test\u2013retest reliability of the SpotChecks contrast sensitivity (CS) test in amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes of children with unilateral amblyopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged 3\u201312\u00a0years with unilateral amblyopia due to strabismus and\/or anisometropia were recruited as part of a randomized trial. SpotChecks was administered twice in the left eye at 8\u00a0weeks post\u2010randomization. This single\u2010use paper test has a measurable CS threshold range of 0.90 to 2.09 logCS (24 lines, 1 line\u00a0=\u00a00.05 logCS). Testability was defined as the completion of a pre\u2010test. Bland\u2013Altman analysis was used to evaluate test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In children aged 3\u20136\u00a0years, 81% (117\/145) passed the pre\u2010test: 17 of 34 (50%) 3\u2010year\u2010olds, 39 of 46 (85%) 4\u2010year\u2010olds, 33 of 37 (89%) 5\u2010year\u2010olds, and 28 of 28 (100%) 6\u2010year\u2010olds. Fifty\u2010four of 117 (46%) who passed the pre\u2010test had matching test pairs for analysis. In children aged 7\u201312\u00a0years, all 45 passed the pre\u2010test. Twenty\u2010two of 45 (49%) who passed the pre\u2010test had matching test pairs for analysis. Among 76 test\u2013retest pairs (40 amblyopic and 36 nonamblyopic eyes), the mean difference (95% CI) was 0.01 (\u22120.02 to 0.03) logCS and the half\u2010width of the 95% limits of agreement was \u00b10.20 (0.16\u20130.24) logCS. Results were similar between amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes, as well as within age cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged 6\u201312\u00a0years were more likely to be testable. Regardless of age, half of all test\u2013retest pairs were completed incorrectly, possibly due to examiner or participant\u2010related factors. A greater than 4\u2010line (0.20 logCS) change on the SpotChecks contrast sensitivity test is required to detect a change in contrast sensitivity function beyond measurement error in children 3\u201312\u00a0years of age with unilateral amblyopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.Gov, registered 14 July 2022, NCT05462821.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ovs2.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T02:07:16Z","timestamp":1779502036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testability and test\u2013retest reliability of SpotChecks Contrast Sensitivity Test in children with unilateral amblyopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Vivian M.","family":"Manh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaeb Center for Health Research  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan L.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University  Fullerton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Children's Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Physicians &amp; Surgeons PC  Milford Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kammi B.","family":"Gunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wills Eye Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin G.","family":"Jastrzembski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2010Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Raghuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allegra P.","family":"Burgher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corewell Health  Grand Rapids Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine O.","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0082-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley 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