{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:06:40Z","timestamp":1790158000588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEI R01EY023261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI R01EY023261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare near and distance vergence facility testing in adolescents and young adults with concussion\u2010related convergence insufficiency and evaluate changes following office\u2010based vergence\/accommodative therapy (OBVAM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis of the CONCUSS randomized clinical trial evaluated vergence facility at near (40\u00a0cm) and distance (4\u00a0m) using a 12\u0394 base out\/3\u0394 base in prism flipper. Participants aged 11\u201325\u00a0years with concussion\u2010related convergence insufficiency were randomized to immediate or 6\u00a0weeks delayed OBVAM. Vergence facility was assessed at baseline, outcome time 1 assessment (after 12 therapy sessions for the immediate group and 6\u00a0weeks of watchful waiting for the delayed group), and outcome time 2 assessment (after both groups completed 16 therapy sessions). Agreement between near and distance vergence facility classifications was evaluated, and treatment\u2010related changes were compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 106 enrolled participants, 102 completed all study visits. At baseline, the near and distance vergence facility classifications demonstrated substantial discordance. Among 101 participants with both measures available, 49 demonstrated reduced distance vergence facility despite normal near vergence facility, whereas only two showed the opposite pattern (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.12;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Vergence facility improved following therapy in both treatment groups, with larger early improvements in the immediate\u2010treatment group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Near and distance vergence facility testing provided complementary rather than interchangeable clinical information in adolescents and young adults with concussion\u2010related convergence insufficiency. Both measures improved following vergence\/accommodative therapy, supporting consideration of both testing distances in clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ovs2.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:36:20Z","timestamp":1789011380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near and distance vergence facility provides complementary clinical information in concussion\u2010related convergence insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Scheiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara L.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzin","family":"Hajebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Robich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Baro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie A.","family":"Bachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6717-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina L.","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1858-932X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arlene","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Somerset Pediatric Group  Raritan New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Sports Medicine &amp; Concussion Care, LLC.  Bridgewater New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the CONCUSS Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324\u2010200204000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273971003758412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0000000000001709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2330\u20109512.1986.tb01119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538\u20109235.1998.tb05162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324\u2010199810000\u201000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31707\/vdr2016.2.3.p170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.2011151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative and eye movement disorders","author":"Scheiman M","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1703781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jemr19030049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324\u2010198009000\u201000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"610","volume-title":"Vergence eye movements: basic and clinical aspects","author":"Grisham JD","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475\u20101313.2004.00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102025\u2010109807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181989252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324\u2010200312000\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102025\u2010111200"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ovs2.70097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ovs2.70097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ovs2.70097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:22:49Z","timestamp":1790155369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ovs2.70097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ovs2.70097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ovs2.70097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70097"}}