{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:55:59Z","timestamp":1791449759663,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T35EY007088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T35EY007088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY007551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY007551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY030193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY030193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify transient changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children after near work and determine whether responses differ between printed and digital tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, 26 children, ages 13.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2\u00a0years (16 nonmyopes, 10 myopes) completed two 30\u2010min near tasks at 20\u00a0cm, reading printed text and digital viewing, separated by a 30\u2010min distance\u2010viewing interval. Axial length (LenStar) and choroidal thickness (optical coherence tomography, Spectralis) were measured at baseline and after 10, 20, and 30\u00a0min of each task. Accommodative stimulus response functions (2\u20135\u00a0D) were measured objectively. Data were analyzed using repeated\u2010measures ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following near work, axial length demonstrated a significant increase (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), evident after 10\u00a0min and sustained through 30\u00a0min, independent of task type and with no differences between refractive groups. For choroidal thickness, there was no main effect of time or refractive group, but a significant main effect of task (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), with 3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0\u03bcm more thinning following the printed task than the digital task. Furthermore, post hoc analysis showed a significant decrease of \u22123\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0\u03bcm after 10\u00a0min of near work (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03). Myopic children showed a greater lag in the stimulus response function (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.03), with a significant difference at 2 and 5\u00a0D.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Near work induced acute axial elongation and choroidal thinning in children, detectable within 10\u00a0min. Responses were similar between printed and digital tasks. This study adds to growing evidence that visual behavior may influence early ocular growth signals relevant to myopia development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ovs2.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:39:35Z","timestamp":1791448775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient ocular effects of common near tasks in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Mays","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY College of Optometry  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa 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