{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:09:34Z","timestamp":1788858574998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric ambulatory anesthesia has rapidly evolved as the predominant model for surgical care in the United States, yet variability in practice standards and outcomes persists. This final installment of a four\u2010part series addresses the gaps that remain between research and real\u2010world practice, highlighting the limitations of traditional research models and existing registries in translating evidence into improved universal care and creation of benchmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through a review of selected pediatric databases and registries, this paper examines their contributions, strengths, and challenges in generating actionable knowledge and standardizing care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The discussion emphasizes the impact of unwarranted variation, the slow adoption of clinical guidelines, and the need for more robust, inclusive data sources that reflect the realities of community\u2010based practice, where most children receive their care rather than the experience of large, academic centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address these challenges, we propose the need to create a multicenter, collaborative Learning Health System (LHS) consortium, leveraging real\u2010world electronic medical record data, continuous quality improvement, and implementation science focused on improving quality of care and outcomes in ambulatory Pediatric Anesthesia practice. This model prioritizes adaptive methodologies, inclusive participation across diverse practice settings, and iterative, data\u2010driven improvements. One of the greatest challenges is the ability to capture data from a range of care settings, and not just tertiary and quaternary children's hospitals. We delve into a possible solution to overcome this limitation by extending its reach beyond safety. This proposed LHS consortium offers the possibility of a pragmatic and sustainable pathway to accelerate the development and dissemination of standards and best practices in Pediatric Anesthesia. By fostering collaboration, embracing positive deviance, and bridging the gap between research and practice, this approach ensures that every child benefits from the highest standards of safety, quality, and innovation\u2014regardless of where their care is delivered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pan.70256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:59:08Z","timestamp":1782626348000},"page":"1185-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perspectives in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia: Part 4\u2014Evolving Solutions in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia: From Registries to a Learning Health System Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa A.","family":"Olbrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Nemours Children's Hospital, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University  Wilmington Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9513-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn D.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology &amp; Pain Medicine Seattle Children's, University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","article-title":"Perspectives in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia: Part 1\u2014One Center's Experience Over 15\u2009Years in the Evolution of Eligibility Criteria and the COVID Pandemic","author":"Low A. B.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pan.70252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pan.70255","article-title":"Perspectives in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia: Part 3\u2014One Center's Evolving Regional Anesthesia Experience and Outcomes","author":"Liston D. E.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001246"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.19.2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7031.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(14)40048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422507"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Quality Improvement Using Automated Data Sources: The Anesthesia Quality Institute","volume":"29","author":"Dutton R. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology Clinics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000895"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151275"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.08.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004906"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.70040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu552"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASM.0000989932.85413.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003971"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01318-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005663"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","unstructured":"MPOG \u201cMPOG_ASPIRE_Intro_Slides \u201dhttps:\/\/www.mpog.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/MPOG_ASPIRE_Intro_Slides_2024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004489"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00508-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001758"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16576"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16624"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14369"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140\u2010024\u201000639\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31825d9f4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000166"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev220"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003829"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105381"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007376"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105637"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003594"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2025.111774"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","unstructured":"Wake Up Safe \u201cThe Pediatric Anesthesia Quality Improvement Initiative \u201dhttps:\/\/wakeupsafe.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002279"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14480"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14920"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","unstructured":"UT Southwestern Medical Center \u201cMulticenter Perioperative Outcomes Group Member Hospitals \u201dhttps:\/\/mpog.org\/memberhospitals\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0482-120"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7370.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.w3.614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.15.1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076175","article-title":"Data to Knowledge to Improvement: Creating a Learning Health System","volume":"384","author":"McDonald P. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","volume-title":"The Learning Healthcare System: Workshop Summary","author":"Olsen L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.10380"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAQ.0000000000000552"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010021\u201006215\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pq9.0000000000000724"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181e1709c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq\u20102022\u2010002057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2021.8177750"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.15143"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102201"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","first-page":"255.e8","article-title":"Increase in Robot Assisted Operating Room Efficiency: A Quality Improvement Study","volume":"20","author":"Kanabolo D. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pq9.0000000000000797"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pan.70256","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pan.70256","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pan.70256","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T08:33:31Z","timestamp":1788856411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pan.70256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pan.70256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pan.70256","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}