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This paper reports a case of VN complicating CD of hyaline vascular type, in which neoplastic cells were shown to secrete interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this case, VN first occurred in the retroperitoneum of a 60\u2010year\u2010old male. The lesion showed typical morphology, with three distinct areas: (1) a lymph node\u2010like area with regressively transformed lymph follicles showing hyaline vascular changes and with a hypervascular interfollicular region filled with slit\u2010like vascular channels; (2) an area composed of spindle cell sarcoma; and (3) an area showing angiolipomatous hamartoma. A proportion of the cells in the spindle cell area showed severe pleomorphism. Subcutaneous recurrence after 8\u2009months was composed purely of pleomorphic spindle cells. A karyotypic analysis of the recurrent tumour showed 47, XXY with some instability. Supernatant from primary culture contained high levels of IL\u20106 and VEGF, suggesting high secretion of these cytokines from neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemically, p53 overexpression was identified only in the pleomorphic spindle cells of the primary lesion and metastatic tumour. No features suggestive of vascular origin were shown on immunohistochemical or electron microscopic analysis of the neoplastic cells. Human herpesvirus type 8 was not detected by immunohistochemistry or PCR analysis. High levels of IL\u20106 and\/or VEGF have been reported to play a role in CD. This is the first case report that clarifies the site of such cytokine production, showing the possibility of CD as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. Copyright \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1033892406000},"page":"264-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Secretion of interleukin\u20106 and vascular endothelial growth factor by spindle cell sarcoma complicating Castleman's disease (so\u2010called \u2018vascular 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