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Samples of peritoneal tissue were taken from patients at the beginning and end of major abdominal operations. The samples were incubated in culture medium on microtitre plates for 5 h. The concentrations of IL\u20106 and MCP\u20101 were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In paraffin sections, cells that expressed IL\u20106 or MCP\u20101 were identified by combined <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against CD68, CD34, actin, and calretinin were included in these experiments. The median production of IL\u20106 increased significantly from 6256 pg\/ml at the start of the operation to 20 000 pg\/ml at the end. Production of MCP\u20101 rose from 7700 pg\/ml to 11 820 pg\/ml. IL\u20106 mRNA was mainly confined to endothelial cells. MCP\u20101 was expressed by a broader range of cells, consisting of actin\u2010positive smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, fibroblast\u2010like cells, as well as occasional macrophages and mesothelial cells. Peritoneal endothelial cells contribute to the transient increase in concentrations of IL\u20106 in the circulation after surgical trauma. Recruitment of monocytes to the site of the trauma seems to be mainly effected by actin\u2010positive smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,19]],"date-time":"2003-12-19T03:03:33Z","timestamp":1071803013000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Expression of interleukin\u20106 and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 by peritoneal sub\u2010mesothelial cells during abdominal 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