{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:14:59Z","timestamp":1791389699886,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,20]],"date-time":"2004-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Little is known about the mechanisms involved in the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis. It is hypothesized that some cytokine\/receptor interactions may be affected, resulting in dysfunction and\/or loss of melanocytes. This study has compared the expression of endothelin (ET)\u20101, the ET\u20101 receptor (ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    R), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), the SCF receptor (KIT protein), tyrosinase, and S100\u03b1 between lesional and non\u2010lesional vitiligo epidermis. Analysis by reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) and by western blotting for ET\u20101 and SCF unexpectedly demonstrated up\u2010regulated expression of these cytokines in lesional vitiligo epidermis. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to melanocyte markers revealed that at the edge of the lesional epidermis, melanocytes remain and express tyrosinase, S100\u03b1 and ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    R, but not KIT protein or melanocyte\u2010specific microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor (MITF\u2010M). Quantitation of the staining revealed a slight or moderate decrease in the number of S100\u03b1, tyrosinase, and ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    R\u2010positive cells at the edge of the lesional epidermis. In contrast, the number of cells expressing KIT protein was markedly decreased at the edge of the lesional epidermis compared with the non\u2010lesional epidermis. At the centre of the lesional epidermis, there was complete loss of melanocytes expressing KIT protein, S100\u03b1, ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    R, and\/or tyrosinase. Western blotting revealed down\u2010regulated expression of c\u2010kit and MITF\u2010M proteins at the edge of the lesional epidermis in vitiligo. These findings suggest that reduction in the expression of KIT protein by melanocytes and its downstream effectors, including MITF\u2010M, may be associated with the dysfunction and\/or loss of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]],"date-time":"2004-04-06T19:16:05Z","timestamp":1081278965000},"page":"463-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis: role of SCF\/KIT protein interactions and the downstream effector, MITF\u2010M"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Reiko","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genji","family":"Imokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"513","volume-title":"The Pigmentary System. 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