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As it is now widely accepted that most retroperitoneal pleomorphic MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas, the present study compared histological features, genomic profile (CGH analysis), and <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CDK4<\/jats:italic> status (immunohistochemistry, FISH, and quantitative PCR) in inflammatory MFHs from 12 patients and dedifferentiated liposarcomas that had an inflammatory MFH component from eight patients. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analyses were also performed on one inflammatory MFH. Histological review showed areas of well\u2010differentiated liposarcoma in nine inflammatory MFHs. CGH analysis showed 12q13\u201315 amplification or gain in six of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of tumour cells for MDM2 in every tumour in both groups and for CDK4 in ten and seven inflammatory MFHs and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, respectively. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analysis performed on one inflammatory MFH showed the presence of a supernumerary large marker chromosome and ring chromosome with high\u2010level amplification of both <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CDK4<\/jats:italic> genes. FISH analysis on paraffin wax\u2010embedded sections showed amplifications of <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CDK4<\/jats:italic> in seven of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Quantitative PCR showed amplification of <jats:italic>MDM2<\/jats:italic> in six and of <jats:italic>CDK4<\/jats:italic> in seven of nine inflammatory MFHs. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that most so\u2010called inflammatory MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T14:01:14Z","timestamp":1087826474000},"page":"822-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytomas and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: histological review, genomic profile, and <i>MDM2<\/i> and <i>CDK4<\/i> status favour a single 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