{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:15:11Z","timestamp":1791137711637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,21]],"date-time":"2004-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to provide an estimate of the number of individuals in the UK who may be incubating variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease and at risk of causing iatrogenic spread of the disease. Lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein is a consistent feature of variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob at autopsy and has also been demonstrated in the pre\u2010clinical phase. Immunohistochemical accumulation of prion protein in the lymphoreticular system remains the only technique that has been shown to predict neurological disease reliably in animal prion disorders. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of prion protein, with monoclonal antibodies KG9 and 3F4, in surgically removed tonsillectomy and appendicectomy specimens. The samples were collected from histopathology departments across the UK and anonymised prior to testing. Samples were tested from 16 703 patients (14 964 appendectomies, 1739 tonsillectomies), approximately 60% of whom were from the age group 20\u201329 years at operation. Twenty\u2010five per cent of the samples were excluded from the final analyses because they contained inadequate amounts of lymphoid tissue. Three appendicectomy samples showed lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein, giving an estimated prevalence of 3\/12 674 or 237 per million (95% CI 49\u2013692 per million). The pattern of lymphoreticular accumulation in two of these samples was dissimilar from that seen in known cases of variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease. Although it is uncertain whether immunohistochemical accumulation of prion protein in the lymphoreticular system is specific for variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease, it has not been described in any other disease, including other forms of human prion disease or a range of inflammatory and infective conditions. These findings reinforce the importance of measures taken by the UK Department of Health to reduce the risk of spread of variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob via blood products and surgical instruments, and of the urgency to proceed with large\u2010scale screening of fresh tonsil specimens for the presence of prion protein. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,21]],"date-time":"2004-05-21T06:00:58Z","timestamp":1085119258000},"page":"733-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":354,"title":["Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"David A","family":"Hilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra 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