{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:06:10Z","timestamp":1784113570878,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1087776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through previous large\u2010scale gene expression profiling we identified a transcript that was abundant in normal stomach and down\u2010regulated in gastric cancer. Genes expressed at similar levels included gastrin, MUC5 and pS2, which are important in gastric function. We aimed to characterise this candidate, gastrokine 1 (GKN1), at mRNA, DNA, protein and tissue levels. The gene was studied in human, mouse, rat and cow, and was highly conserved across these species. The mRNA transcripts averaged 750 bp in length. The human, mouse and rat genes all contained six exons spanning 6 kb, and were located on chromosomes 2, 6 and 4 respectively. The full\u2010length translation products were 183\u2013185 amino acids long, reducing to the mature protein of 18 kDa following signal peptide cleavage; these predictions were confirmed by Western blotting. Tagged gastrokine 1 yielded granular cytoplasmic staining with perinuclear accentuation, representing the Golgi apparatus, in keeping with secretion or expression on the extracellular surface. Gene expression in tissues was profiled extensively by Northern blotting, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. Gastrokine 1 was highly expressed in normal stomach, where it was located in the superficial\/foveolar gastric epithelium, but was absent from gastric carcinomas. Outwith the stomach, gastrokine 1 was found only in epithelia showing gastric metaplasia eg Barrett's oesophagus, the ulcer\u2010associated cell lineage and ovarian mucinous neoplasms. In conclusion, we have characterised gastrokine 1, previously known as CA11, AMP\u201018 or foveolin. Its abundance in, and specificity for, native or metaplastic gastric epithelium, down\u2010regulation in gastric carcinoma and evolutionary conservation suggest that this gene is physiologically important in the stomach. The function of gastrokine 1 is unknown but a role in mucosal protection is postulated. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T14:01:06Z","timestamp":1087826466000},"page":"789-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Gastrokine 1 is abundantly and specifically expressed in superficial gastric epithelium, down\u2010regulated in gastric carcinoma, and shows high evolutionary conservation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Karin A","family":"Oien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod K","family":"Ferrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W Nicol","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35049567"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70203-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"OienKA.Profiling comparison and validation of gene expression in gastric carcinoma and normal stomach (PhD thesis). Glasgow: University of Glasgow;2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00453.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"701","article-title":"Human stomach\u2010specific gene, CA11, is down\u2010regulated in gastric cancer","volume":"19","author":"Shiozaki K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00455.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"254","article-title":"[Tissue distribution and cell location of CA11: a novel gene down\u2010regulated in gastric cancer]","volume":"18","author":"Du JJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339502300303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(02)02134-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human gastric carcinogenesis: A multistep and multifactorial process\u2014First American Cancer Society Award lecture on cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"52","author":"Correa P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.6.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90407-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920415)69:8<2131::AID-CNCR2820690820>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5285.259"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpath.1583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/path.1583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:50:35Z","timestamp":1761058235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/path.1583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/path.1583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1583","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3417","1096-9896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3417","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-06-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}