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This latter bacterium has been seen in association with the full spectrum of human gastric diseases including gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric carcinomas, including gastric B\u2010cell mucosa\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This study describes an analysis of the pathogenic potential of a number of \u2018<jats:italic>H heilmannii<\/jats:italic>\u2019 isolates in an animal model of gastric MALT lymphoma. BALB\/c mice were infected with ten different \u2018<jats:italic>H heilmannii<\/jats:italic>\u2019 isolates originating from both human and animal hosts. The animals were examined at various time points for up to 28 months after infection. The infected animals initially developed a chronic inflammatory response within 6 months. This histological response increased in severity with the length of infection, with the development of overt lymphoma in some animals 18 months after infection. MALT lymphomas were detected in up to 25% of the infected animals. The prevalence of lymphoma was dependent on the length of infection and the origin of the infecting isolates. A range of other histological features accompanied the lymphocytic infiltration, including invaginations of the gastric epithelium and associated hyperplastic tissue, mucus metaplasia, and a small number of diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphomas. The ability to manipulate experientially the presence of the bacterium in the animal model will allow further studies examining the role of antigen drive in the development of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated MALT lymphoma. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]],"date-time":"2004-06-18T12:03:29Z","timestamp":1087560209000},"page":"896-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Gastric B\u2010cell mucosa\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in an animal model of \u2018<i>Helicobacter heilmannii<\/i>\u2019 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"JL","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MF","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Enno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19831015)52:8<1410::AID-CNCR2820520813>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008396618983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract","author":"O'Rourke JL","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community","author":"Solnick JV","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709025059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91156-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80939-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-41-1-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-29-1-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1989.tb00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"The diversity of gastric microbiota from a wide range of mammals including the human","volume":"56","author":"O'Rourke JL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Gastro\u2010Enterol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.5.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"217","article-title":"MALToma\u2010like lesions in the murine gastric mucosa after long\u2010term infection with Helicobacter felis\u2014a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori\u2010induced gastric lymphoma","volume":"147","author":"Enno A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1625","article-title":"Antigen\u2010dependent progression of mucosa\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)\u2010type lymphoma in the stomach\u2014effects of antimicrobial therapy on gastric MALT lymphoma in mice","volume":"152","author":"Enno A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70155-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90686-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Reticulum cell neoplasm, type B or the \u2018Hodgkin's\u2010like lesion\u2019 of the mouse","volume":"40","author":"Dunn TB","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70167-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90215-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Identification of a metaplastic cell lineage associated with human gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Schmidt PH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.3.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours: Pathology, Genetics; 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