{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:19:07Z","timestamp":1780474747439,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]],"date-time":"2004-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiogenesis (as microvascular density\u2014MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in all types of human pre\u2010invasive breast lesion, un\u2010associated with invasive carcinoma, including florid ductal hyperplasia of usual type (FDHUT, 40 cases), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH, 10), well\u2010differentiated intraductal carcinoma (WDIC, 16), intermediately differentiated intraductal carcinoma (IDIC, 25), poorly differentiated intraductal carcinoma (PDIC, 20), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH, 13), and lobular carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> (LCIS, 12). Both parameters were also studied in normal glandular structures obtained from normal breasts or from breasts containing pre\u2010invasive lesions. Increased vascularization was present in all lesion types (MVD mean values (expressed as vessel number\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>): 115 \u00b1 8 in normal lobules, 146 \u00b1 26 in lesions; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and increased with lesion severity. In ductal lesions, MVDs were significantly higher in PDIC (190 \u00b1 65) and IDIC (167 \u00b1 61) than in FDHUT (123 \u00b1 40) and ADH (122 \u00b1 47); MVD was much higher in PDIC than in WDIC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). WDIC showed peculiar features, with a degree of vascularization closer to hyperplasia than to the other histological types of <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> ductal cancer; this observation is in line with the hypothesis that IDIC and PDIC may originate \u2018<jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\u2019, without a mandatory transition through WDIC. LCIS was more vascularized than ALH (168 \u00b1 50 and 125 \u00b1 40, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), showing MVD values similar to those of PDIC and IDIC. The vascularization of normal lobules was constant, regardless of their association with lesions. VEGF expression in normal glandular structures was lower than in lesions, with the highest levels found in ductal lesions when compared with lobular lesions. No correlation was found between VEGF expression and the degree and\/or type of vascularization. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]],"date-time":"2004-09-16T14:02:57Z","timestamp":1095343377000},"page":"140-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Angiogenesis and VEGF expression in pre\u2010invasive lesions of the human breast"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Viacava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio 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