{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:11:19Z","timestamp":1790187079372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,7]],"date-time":"2004-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary extramedullary plasmacytomas are infrequent, typically solitary, plasma cell neoplasms that generally pursue an indolent clinical course but may, rarely, convert to multiple myeloma. Phenotypic differences between these two entities are not well defined. Twenty\u2010eight cases of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma and 26 cases of both medullary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 17) and extramedullary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9) multiple myeloma were analysed for the expression of proteins known to play a role in the biology of multiple myeloma. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin wax sections using antibodies against cyclin D1, Bcl\u20102, Bcl\u2010xL, p27, p21, p53, MIB1, CD20, and CD56. Twenty\u2010three extramedullary plasmacytomas were localized in the upper aerodigestive tract, four in the lymph nodes, and one in the testis. There was a strong male predominance (M : F = 6 : 1). None of the patients died from the disease or progressed to multiple myeloma (mean follow\u2010up 50 months). Nine patients developed local relapse and one patient's tumour evolved into a B\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma. In contrast to both intra\u2010 and extra\u2010medullary multiple myeloma, extramedullary plasmacytoma showed absence of cyclin D1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and infrequent expression of CD56 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, extramedullary plasmacytomas were characterized by weaker staining for Bcl\u20102 protein and rare overexpression of p21 and p53. In comparison to extramedullary multiple myeloma, extramedullary plasmacytoma showed a more mature morphology and lower proliferation indices (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). There was no association between the phenotypic parameters investigated and clinical outcome in extramedullary plasmacytoma. In summary, extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma show significant immunophenotypic differences, some of which may be of both diagnostic utility and biological relevance. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 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