{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:04:57Z","timestamp":1783634697836,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5037,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Very Late Antigens (VLAs) are \u03b1\u03b2 heterodimeric transmembrane proteins mediating cell\u2013substratum as well as cell\u2013cell interactions. Changes in their expression and\/or function seem to occur in a number of invasive carcinomas and may at least in part explain their abnormal patterns of growth and differentiation. Using monoclonal antibodies to the \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (DH12, A1A\u20105), \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (B1.515) and \u03b1<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (E1.56) chains, VLA\u20102 (\u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and VLA\u20103 (\u03b1<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) were studied on cryostat sections of three fibroadenomas and 43 invasive breast carcinomas (29 ductal, 14 lobular) by the avidin\u2013biotin complex immunoperioxidase technique. In non\u2010neoplastic breast tissue and in fibroadenomas VLA\u20102 and VLA\u20103 were expressed by myoepithelial cells and on the basolateral surface of the luminal cells. There was weak or absent expression of \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and the common \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> chain in the majority of invasive carcinomas compared to the adjacent normal breast epithelium and preinvasive (<jats:italic>in\u2010situ<\/jats:italic>) carcinomas. In addition, the expression of the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> chain of VLA\u20102 was reduced significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005) in the poorly differentiated ductal breast carcinomas (Grade III) compared to the well (Grade I) and moderately (Grade II) differentiated ductal tumours. These data give further evidence that loss or down\u2010regulation of VLA\u20102 and VLA\u20103 occur relatively frequently in invasive cancers, and, at least in the invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Loss of an extracellular matrix receptor controlling growth and differentiation seems to be one of the abnormalities underlying the progression towards an undifferentiated morphology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711650106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,22]],"date-time":"2005-06-22T10:22:55Z","timestamp":1119435775000},"page":"25-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Low expression of \u03b2<sub>1<\/sub>, \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub> and \u03b1<sub>3<\/sub> subunits of VLA integrins in malignant mammary tumours"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pignatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Hanby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon W. 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