{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:54:53Z","timestamp":1790492093442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]],"date-time":"2005-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4244,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exogenously applied transforming growth factor\u2010beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2) isoforms enhance wound healing processes in animal models;<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> however, little is known about the expression of endogenous TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> and TGF\u2010\u03b2 receptors in intact human skin or during wound healing. The present study has revealed several unexpected findings by means of <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization and immunohistology techniques. In humans, TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> is constitutively expressed in the epidermis of intact skin and in that of acute and chronic wounds\u2014a pattern of expression closely mirrored by the TGF\u2010\u03b2 type II receptor. Although not detected in intact skin, TGF\u2010\u03b2 mRNA expression was observed in the regenerating epidermis of acute (thermal) wounds but was not found in chronic decubital (pressure) wounds. TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mRNA expression was not detected in the epidermis of any human skin or wound biopsies. From these findings we suggest that constitutive expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> is important for maintenance of epidermal differentiation and that an induction of TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> expression is essential for re\u2010epithelialization of human skin wounds. Lack of TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> expression in chronic pressure wounds may be associated with their protracted healing tendencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711710307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,22]],"date-time":"2005-06-22T12:25:14Z","timestamp":1119443114000},"page":"191-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["TGF\u2010\u03b2<sub>S<\/sub> and TGF\u2010\u03b2 type II receptor in human epidermis: Differential expression in acute and chronic skin wounds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Bilbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"McMaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"St\u00e4helin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"L\u00fcscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Seiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","series-title":"Ciba Foundation Symposium 1991","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Clinical Applications of TGF\u2010\u03b2","author":"Amento EP","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.119.5.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2","volume":"12","author":"Massaque J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Sur"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8924(93)90195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7001-6_46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.4.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3041594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"47","volume-title":"\u2018Growth Factors and Other Aspects of Wound healing: Biological and Clinical Implications\u2019","author":"Grotendorst GR","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Transforming erowth factor\u2010\u03b2 stimulates wound healing and modulates extracellular matrix gene expression in pig skin: incisional wound model","volume":"97","author":"Quaglino D","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 stimulates wound healing and modulates extracellular matrix gene expression in pig skin","volume":"63","author":"Quaglino D","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041480119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90152-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00371833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-12-1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12456286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Modulation of keratinocyte motility. Correlation with production of extracellular matrix molecules in response to growth promoting and antiproliferative factors","volume":"132","author":"Nickoloff BJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.2.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12667378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/92.4.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2235(92)90003-Z"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpath.1711710307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/path.1711710307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:07:30Z","timestamp":1761052050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/path.1711710307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/path.1711710307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1711710307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3417","1096-9896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3417","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1993-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1993-06-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}