{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:49:57Z","timestamp":1779259797488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]],"date-time":"2005-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3940,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by raised serum IgA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> deposits. We have previously shown increased T\u2010cell activation in IgAN. Recently, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2) has been shown to induce IgA isotype switch at a clonal level and interleukin 5 (IL5) promotes differentiation into IgA\u2010bearing B cells. In the present study we have examined the TGF\u2010\u03b2 and IL5 mRNA expression by mitogen\u2010activated CD4\u2010positive T cells from patients with IgAN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25), patients with other primary nephritides (CGN) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24), and healthy control subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25). The cytokine genes were analysed by reverse transcription (RT)\u2010polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were semi\u2010quantitated by normalizing the differences occurring during RT and PCR using a housekeeping gene, \u03b2\u2010actin. CD4\u2010positive T cells from IgA nephritic patients expressed a higher level of IL5 mRNA than healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and patients with CGN (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005). CD4\u2010positive T cells from IgA nephritic patients expressed a higher level of TGF\u2010\u03b2 mRNA than healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) but no difference was demonstrated on comparison with CGN patients. Elevated TGF\u2010\u03b2 mRNA expression in patients with CGN probably reflects its other important function as a (sclerogenic) factor involved in the glomerulosclerosis found in these nephritides. Our data suggest that there is increased expression of cytokine genes which induce the IgA isotype switch and differentiation; these immunological abnormalities may be important in the pathogenesis of IgAN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711740104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,22]],"date-time":"2005-06-22T13:06:39Z","timestamp":1119445599000},"page":"13-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CD4\u2010positive cells from patients with IgA nephropathy demonstrate increased mRNA of cytokines that induce the IgA switch and differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Kar Neng","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siu Fai","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip K. 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