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Among the factors involved in innate defence, anti\u2010microbial peptides produced by humans have recently attracted attention due to their relevance to some diseases and also to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> is one of the major human pathogens, causing a variety of infections from suppurative disease to food poisoning. Methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) is a clinical problem and with the recent emergence of a vancomycin\u2010resistant strain, this will pose serious problems in the near future. In investigating the molecular biology of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> infections to develop new chemotherapeutic agents against MRSA infections, knowledge of the interaction of innate anti\u2010microbial peptides with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> is important. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments demonstrate that exposure of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> to host cells can induce the anti\u2010microbial peptides \u03b2\u2010defensin\u20102 (hBD2), hBD3, and LL37\/CAP18. The induction level of these peptides differs among strains, as does the susceptibility of the strains, with MRSA strains exhibiting lower susceptibility. In summary, the susceptibility of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains, including MRSA strains, to components of the innate immune system varies, with the MRSA strains showing more resistance to both innate immune factors and chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright \u00a9 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 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