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An epigenomic approach used in our previous work showed that <jats:italic>LMX\u20101A<\/jats:italic> is methylation\u2010silenced in cervical cancer. <jats:italic>LMX\u20101A<\/jats:italic>, a LIM\u2010homeobox gene, is known to participate in developmental events; however, there are at present no data on the role of LMX\u20101A in cancers. In this study, we characterized the function of this transcription factor by examining cell lines, animal models and human cervical neoplastic tissues, and found that over\u2010expression of LMX\u20101A does not affect cell proliferation or the cell cycle of cervical cancer cell lines but significantly inhibits colony formation and invasion <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Analysis of changes in epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as CDH1, CDH2, VIMENTIN, SNAIL, SLUG and TWIST, revealed involvement of the EMT in LMX\u20101A\u2010mediated cancer invasion; this result was validated in a stable transfectant over\u2010expressing LMX\u20101A with RNA interference. Xenograft studies using immunocompromised mice confirmed the suppressor effects of LMX\u20101A on tumour formation and distant metastasis in cervical cancer cell lines. LMX\u20101A immunohistochemical staining of tissue arrays containing the full spectrum of cervical neoplasms, including normal cervix, low\u2010grade cervical intra\u2010epithelial neoplasia (CIN), high\u2010grade CIN, locally invasive and distant metastatic cancers, demonstrated the critical role of LMX\u20101A in invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we found by analysing TGF\u03b2\u2013BMP signalling that BMP4 and BMP6 are down\u2010regulated by LMX\u20101A. The results of this study suggest that LMX\u20101A suppresses cancer invasion and metastasis in cervical cancer through an incomplete EMT. Copyright \u00a9 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 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