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Here, we show that increasing local Ski expression by gene transfer not only significantly accelerated wound healing by relieving inflammation, accelerating re\u2010epithelialization and increasing formation of granulation tissue, but also reduced scar formation by decreasing collagen production in rat dermal wounds. Similarly, <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic> gene transfer accelerated wound healing, reduced the protuberant height and volume of scars and increased collagen maturity in a hypertrophic scar model in the rabbit ear. Conversely, reducing Ski expression in the wound by RNA interference resulted in significantly slower wound healing and increased scar area in rat dermal wounds. We demonstrated that these effects of Ski are associated with transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2\u2010mediated signalling pathways through both Smad2\/3\u2010dependent and Smad\u2010independent pathways. Together, our results define a dual role for Ski in promoting wound healing and alleviating scar formation, identifying a new target for therapeutic approaches to preventing scar hyperplasia and accelerating wound healing. Copyright \u00a9 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,26]],"date-time":"2010-11-26T06:59:02Z","timestamp":1290754742000},"page":"659-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Ski, a modulator of wound healing and scar formation in the rat skin and rabbit 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