{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:24:38Z","timestamp":1791854678775,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,27]],"date-time":"2011-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A whole chromosome arm loss of 16q belongs to the most frequent and earliest chromosomal alterations in invasive and <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> breast cancers of all common subtypes. Besides E\u2010cadherin, several putative tumour suppressor genes residing on 16q in breast cancer have been investigated. However, the significance of these findings has remained unclear. Thus, other mechanisms leading to gene loss of function (eg haploinsufficiency, or distortion of multiple regulative subnetworks) remain to be tested as a hypothesis. To define the effect on gene expression of whole\u2010arm loss of chromosome 16q in invasive breast cancer, we performed global gene expression analysis on a series of 18 genetically extensively characterized invasive ductal breast carcinomas and verified the results by quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2013PCR). The distribution of the differential genes across the genome and their expression status was studied. A second approach by qRT\u2013PCR in an independent series of 30 breast carcinomas helped to narrow down the observed effect. Whole\u2010arm chromosome 16q losses, irrespective of other chromosomal changes, are associated with decreased expression of a number of candidate genes located on 16q (eg <jats:italic>CDA08, CGI\u2010128, SNTB2, NQO1, SF3B3, KIAA0174, ATBF1, GABARAPL2, KARS, GCSH, MBTPS1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZDHHC7<\/jats:italic>) in breast carcinomas with a low degree of genetic instability. qRT\u2013PCR provided evidence to suggest that the expression of these genes was reduced in a gene dosage\u2010dependent manner. The differential expression of the candidate genes according to the chromosomal 16q\u2010status vanished in genetically advanced breast cancer cases and changed ER status. These results corroborate previous reports about the importance of whole\u2010arm loss of chromosome 16q in breast carcinogenesis and give evidence for the first time that haploinsufficiency, in the sense of a gene dosage effect, might be an important contributing factor in the early steps of breast carcinogenesis. Copyright \u00a9 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]],"date-time":"2011-05-16T07:11:42Z","timestamp":1305529902000},"page":"517-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Influence of whole arm loss of chromosome 16q on gene expression patterns in oestrogen receptor\u2010positive, invasive breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Hungermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Natrajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Tidow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Poos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge S","family":"Reis\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Buerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Korsching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199803)21:3<177::AID-GCC1>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199901)24:1<72::AID-GCC10>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000520)89:3<305::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(03)00190-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990820)84:4<370::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"8861","article-title":"Patterns of chromosomal imbalances defines subgroups of breast cancer with distinct clinical features and prognosis. 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