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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> genome of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus was previously determined in a 9\u2010year effort by overlapping <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content> from post\u2010mortem samples. Here, the full genome of the 1918 virus at 3000\u00d7 coverage was determined in one high\u2010throughput sequencing run of a library derived from total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> of a 1918 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content> sample after duplex\u2010specific nuclease treatments. Bacterial sequences associated with secondary bacterial pneumonias were also detected. Host transcripts were well represented in the library. Compared to a 2009 pandemic influenza virus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content> post\u2010mortem library, the 1918 sample showed significant enrichment for host defence and cell death response genes, concordant with prior animal studies. This methodological approach should assist in the analysis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content> tissue samples isolated over the past century from a variety of diseases.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]],"date-time":"2012-11-26T04:25:16Z","timestamp":1353903916000},"page":"535-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["High\u2010throughput <scp>RNA<\/scp> sequencing of a formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded autopsy lung tissue sample from the 1918 influenza pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Yong\u2010Li","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Musser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine The Methodist Hospital System  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery K","family":"Taubenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 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