{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:35:43Z","timestamp":1791329743704,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>The EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010encoded EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> was first discovered 40 years ago, approximately 10 years after the presence of EBV<\/jats:styled-content> had been demonstrated in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. It took another 10 years before the functions of EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> in maintaining the viral genome were revealed, and it has since been shown to be an essential viral factor expressed in all EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010carrying cells. Apart from serving to maintain the viral episome and to control viral replication and gene expression, EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> also harbours a cis<\/jats:italic>\u2010acting mechanism that allows virus\u2010carrying host cells to evade the immune system. This relates to a particular glycine\u2013alanine repeat (GAr<\/jats:styled-content>) within EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> that has the capacity to suppress antigen presentation to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC<\/jats:styled-content>) class I pathway. We discuss the role of the GAr<\/jats:styled-content> sequence at the level of mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> translation initiation, rather than at the protein level, as at least part of the mechanism to avoid MHC<\/jats:styled-content> presentation. Interfering with this mechanism has become the focus of the development of immune\u2010based therapies against EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010carrying cancers, and some lead compounds that affect translation of GAr<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010carrying mRNAs<\/jats:styled-content> have been identified. In addition, we describe the EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010encoded ZEBRA<\/jats:styled-content> factor and the switch from the latent to the lytic cycle as an alternative virus\u2010specific target for treating EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010carrying cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> and ZEBRA<\/jats:styled-content> interfere with cellular pathways not only opens new therapeutic approaches but continues to reveal new cell\u2010biological insights on the interplay between host and virus. This review is a tale of discoveries relating to how EBNA1<\/jats:styled-content> and ZEBRA<\/jats:styled-content> have emerged as targets for specific cancer therapies against EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010carrying diseases, and serves as an illustration of how mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> translation can play roles in future immune\u2010based strategies to target viral disease. Copyright \u00a9 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T18:08:42Z","timestamp":1409854122000},"page":"334-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Epstein\u2013Barr virus\u2010encoded EBNA1<\/scp> and ZEBRA<\/scp>: targets for therapeutic strategies against EBV<\/scp>\u2010carrying cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Daskalogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris Diderot INSERM UMRS1162 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slov\u00e9nie","family":"Pyndiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris Diderot INSERM UMRS1162 Paris 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