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They represent an important health problem with no effective treatment. Mesothelial cells (\n MCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) line the peritoneal cavity and undergo a mesothelial\u2010to\u2010mesenchymal transition (\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) under pathological conditions, transforming into myofibroblasts, which are abundant in peritoneal fibrotic tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if peritoneal\n MCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n undergo a\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n contributing to the formation of post\u2010surgical adhesions. Biopsies from patients with\n PAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were analysed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative\n RT\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . A mouse model of\n PAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n based on ischaemic buttons was used to modulate\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n by blocking the transforming growth factor\u2010beta (\n TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b2) pathway. The severity of adhesions and\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related marker expression were studied. We observed myofibroblasts derived from the conversion of\n MCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n in submesothelial areas of patients with\n PAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In addition,\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related markers were dysregulated in adhesion zones when compared to distant normal peritoneal tissue of the same patient. In animal experiments, blockage of\n TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b2 resulted in molecular reprogramming of markers related to the mesenchymal conversion of\n MCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n and in a significant decrease in the severity of the adhesions. These data indicate for the first time that\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n is involved in\n PA<\/jats:styled-content>\n pathogenesis. This finding opens new therapeutic strategies to interfere with adhesion formation by modulating\n MMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a wide range of pharmacological agents. Copyright \u00a9 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T02:28:35Z","timestamp":1454293715000},"page":"48-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Mesothelial\u2010to\u2010mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of post\u2010surgical peritoneal adhesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Pilar","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular\u2010Severo Ochoa CSIC. 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