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In multiple disease states including cancer angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease, the processes that regulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> are recapitulated, albeit in an uncoordinated and dysregulated manner. Members of the transforming growth factor beta (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content>) superfamily are well known to impart cellular plasticity during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> by the timely activation (or repression) of transcription factors and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">miRNAs<\/jats:styled-content> in addition to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGFs<\/jats:styled-content>) are reported to augment or oppose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010driven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> in specific contexts. Here, we have synthesized the currently understood roles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGF<\/jats:styled-content> signalling during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> and have provided a new, comprehensive paradigm that delineates how an autocrine and paracrine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGF<\/jats:styled-content> axis coordinates endothelial cell specification and plasticity. We also provide new guidelines and nomenclature that considers factors such as endothelial cell heterogeneity to better define <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> across different vascular beds. This perspective should therefore help to clarify why <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGF<\/jats:styled-content> can both cooperate with or oppose one another during the complex process of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EndMT<\/jats:styled-content> in both health and disease. Copyright \u00a9 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 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