{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:38:38Z","timestamp":1790242718084,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Cancer Ligue","award":["KFS-3701-08-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFS-3701-08-2015"]}]},{"name":"Biltema and ISREC Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Estrogen receptor \u03b1\u2010positive (ER\u2010positive) or \u2018luminal\u2019 breast cancers were notoriously difficult to establish as patient\u2010derived xenografts (PDXs). We and others recently demonstrated that the microenvironment is critical for ER\u2010positive tumor cells; when grafted as single cells into milk ducts of NOD Scid gamma females, &gt;90% of ER\u2010positive tumors can be established as xenografts and recapitulate many features of the human disease\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This intraductal approach holds promise for personalized medicine, yet human and murine stroma are organized differently and this and other species specificities may limit the value of this model. Here, we analyzed 21 ER\u2010positive intraductal PDXs histopathologically. We found that intraductal PDXs vary in extent and define four histopathological patterns: flat, lobular,\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    and invasive, which occur in pure and combined forms. The intraductal PDXs replicate earlier stages of tumor development than their clinical counterparts. Micrometastases are already detected when lesions appear\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Tumor extent, histopathological patterns and micrometastatic load correlate with biological properties of their tumors of origin. Our findings add evidence to the validity of the intraductal model for\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies of ER\u2010positive breast cancer and raise the intriguing possibility that tumor cell dissemination may occur earlier than currently thought. \u00a9 2018 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>The Journal of Pathology<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T22:24:36Z","timestamp":1542234276000},"page":"287-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Intraductal patient\u2010derived xenografts of estrogen receptor \u03b1\u2010positive breast cancer recapitulate the histopathological spectrum and metastatic potential of human lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Maryse","family":"Fiche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cancer Prevention Institute  Epalinges Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Scabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Aouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School 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