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By DNA sequencing we have identified hotspot <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FGFR1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic> mutations in 48 of 59 patients (81.4%) with NOF, at allele frequencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.61. Our findings define NOF as a genetically driven neoplasm caused in most cases by activated MAP\u2010kinase signalling. Interestingly, this driving force either diminishes over time or at least is not sufficient to prevent autonomous regression and resolution. Beyond its contribution to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NOF, this study adds another benign lesion to the spectrum of <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and MAP\u2010kinase signalling\u2010driven tumours. Copyright \u00a9 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T00:25:24Z","timestamp":1544747124000},"page":"116-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Activating mutations in the MAP\u2010kinase pathway define non\u2010ossifying fibroma of bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Baumhoer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Kovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel 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