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Many studies have shone light on the different phenotypes and functions that macrophages can acquire upon exposure to local cues. The microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque contains a plethora of macrophage\u2010controlling factors, such as cytokines, oxidised low\u2010density lipoproteins and cell debris. Previous research has determined macrophage function within the plaque mainly by using immunohistochemistry and bulk analysis. The recent development and rapid progress of single\u2010cell technologies, such as cytometry by time of flight and single\u2010cell RNA sequencing, now enable comprehensive mapping of the wide range of cell types and their phenotypes present in atherosclerotic plaques. In this review we discuss recent advances applying these technologies in defining macrophage subsets residing in the atherosclerotic arterial wall of mice and men. Resulting from these studies, we describe three main macrophage subsets: resident\u2010like, pro\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory foamy TREM2<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> macrophages, which are found in both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we discuss macrophage subset\u2010specific markers and functions. 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