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However, the correlation between the abundance of TIM subtypes and clinical outcomes of LUSC remains unexplored. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for low\u2010 and high\u2010risk patients with LUSC based on myeloid cell microenvironments. TIM markers in the tumoural (T) and stromal (S) regions were quantified using immunohistochemistry for 502 LUSC patients. L1\u2010penalized Cox regression was used to develop a myeloid survival score (MSS) model based on the training cohort, followed by validation in distinct cohorts from multiple centres. RNA sequencing and immunostaining were used to examine the mechanisms of myeloid cells in LUSC progression and predict potential drug targets and therapeutic agents. Of the 12 myeloid markers, CD163T, CD163S, and S100A12T were highly associated with overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. The MSS of the three myeloid signatures accurately categorized LUSC patients into risk categories, with an observable difference in OS between the training and validation cohorts. Tumours with high MSS were associated with enhanced antioxidative ability and hedgehog signalling and a shift to a more pro\u2010tumorigenic microenvironment, accompanied by a reduced tumour cell immunogenicity and increased CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell exhaustion patterns. Additionally, in high\u2010risk patients, potential drug targets and compounds regulating hedgehog signalling were identified. Our study provides the first prognostic myeloid signature for LUSC, which may help advance precision medicine. \u00a9 2022 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>The Journal of Pathology<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T09:32:37Z","timestamp":1664530357000},"page":"21-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of tumour\u2010infiltrating myeloid subsets associated with overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"259","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9878-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, 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