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Repurposing drugs that are currently used for other indications could provide a novel approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of standard multiple myeloma treatments. Here, we assessed the anti\u2010tumor effects of cardiac drugs called \u03b2\u2010blockers as a single agent and in combination with commonly used anti\u2010myeloma therapies. Expression of the \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenergic receptor correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma. Targeting the \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenergic receptor (\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR) using either selective or non\u2010selective \u03b2\u2010blockers reduced multiple myeloma cell viability, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Blockade of the \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR modulated cancer cell metabolism by reducing the mitochondrial respiration as well as the glycolytic activity. These effects were not observed by blockade of \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenergic receptors. Combining \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR blockade with the chemotherapy drug melphalan or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib significantly increased apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. These data identify the therapeutic potential of \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR\u2010blockers as a complementary or additive approach in multiple myeloma treatment and support the future clinical evaluation of non\u2010selective \u03b2\u2010blockers in a randomized controlled trial. \u00a9 2022 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>The Journal of Pathology<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T04:11:08Z","timestamp":1665979868000},"page":"69-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Targeting the \u03b2\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010adrenergic receptor increases chemosensitivity in multiple myeloma by induction of apoptosis and modulating cancer cell metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Hatice","family":"Satilmis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Verheye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology VIB Center for Inflammation Research  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Vlummens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Oudaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology &amp; Immunology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"De Beule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Aging &amp; Viro\u2010Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Aging &amp; Viro\u2010Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Moreaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS University of Montpellier  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology CHU Montpellier  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"De Bruyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels 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