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The field size is unclear but may represent a large area of tissue, and the origin of mutations is also unclear. Here, we analyzed whole exome and transcriptome features in contralateral tumor\u2010distal tongue (i.e. distant from the tumor, not tumor\u2010adjacent) and corresponding tumor tissues of 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. The number of point mutations ranged from 41 to 237 in tumors and from one to 78 in tumor\u2010distal samples. Tumor\u2010distal samples showed mainly clock\u2010like (associated with aging) or tobacco smoking mutational signatures. Tumors additionally showed mutations that associate with cytidine deaminase AID\/APOBEC enzyme activities or a UV\u2010like signature. Importantly, no point mutations were shared between a tumor and the matched tumor\u2010distal sample in any patient.\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most frequently mutated gene in tumors (67%), whereas a\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation was detected in only one tumor\u2010distal sample, and this mutation was not shared with the matched tumor. Arm\u2010level copy number variation (CNV) was found in 12 tumors, with loss of chromosome (Chr) 8p or gain of 8q being the most frequent events. Two tumor\u2010distal samples showed a gain of Chr8, which was associated with increased expression of Chr8\u2010located genes in these samples, although gene ontology did not show a role for these genes in oncogenic processes.\n                    <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization revealed a mixed pattern of Chr8 gain and neutral copy number in both tumor cells and adjacent nontumor epithelium in one patient. We conclude that distant field cancerization exists but does not present as tumor\u2010related mutational events. The data are compatible with etiologic field effects, rather than classical monoclonal field cancerization theory. \u00a9 2022 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>The Journal of Pathology<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T07:28:01Z","timestamp":1667201281000},"page":"93-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evidence for etiologic field changes in tongue distant from tumor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"259","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolian","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences\/Pathology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences\/Pathology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO) Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivakumar Vadivel","family":"Gnanasundram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences\/Pathology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Sgaramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences\/Pathology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"S\u00f6rlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine Norrlands Universitetssjukhus  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences\/ENT Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Magan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences\/ENT Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Nylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences\/Pathology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 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