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Nonetheless, while every classification incorporates scientific advances and aims to improve upon the prior version, medical knowledge remains incomplete and individual neoplasms may not be easily subclassified in a given scheme. Thus, optimal classification requires ongoing study, and there are certain aspects of some entities and subtypes that require further refinements. In this review, we highlight a selection of these challenging areas to prompt more research investigations. These include (1) a \u2018placeholder term\u2019 of splenic B\u2010cell lymphoma\/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN) to accommodate many of the splenic lymphomas previously classified as hairy cell leukaemia variant and B\u2010prolymphocytic leukaemia, a clear new start to define their pathobiology; (2) how best to classify\n                    <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                    rearrangement negative follicular lymphoma including those with\n                    <jats:italic>BCL6<\/jats:italic>\n                    rearrangement, integrating the emerging new knowledge on various germinal centre B\u2010cell subsets; (3) what is the spectrum of non\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>IG<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene partners of\n                    <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\n                    translocation in diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma\/high\u2010grade B\u2010cell lymphoma and how they impact MYC expression and clinical outcome; how best to investigate this in a routine clinical setting; and (4) how best to define high\u2010grade B\u2010cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and high\u2010grade B\u2010cell lymphoma with 11q aberrations to distinguish them from their mimics and characterise their molecular pathogenetic mechanism. Addressing these questions would provide more robust evidence to better define these entities\/subtypes, improve their diagnosis and\/or prognostic stratification, leading to better patient care. \u00a9 2024 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>The Journal of Pathology<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T10:11:30Z","timestamp":1704449490000},"page":"255-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The fifth edition of the WHO classification of mature B\u2010cell neoplasms: open questions for research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Coupland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Clinical 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of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leoncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kikkeri N","family":"Naresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Robert\u2010Bosch\u2010Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer\u2010Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm 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