{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:25:18Z","timestamp":1791325518543,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002739","name":"Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008392","name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prostate cancer (PC) is a prevalent malignancy, and outcomes range from indolent disease to terminal illness. Prostate\u2010specific antigen\u2010based diagnostics lack specificity and correlation with tumor aggressiveness, leading to overdiagnosis and undertreatment. Recent studies on cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have identified antigen presenting CAFs (apCAF), inflammatory CAFs (iCAF), and myofibrillar CAFs (myCAF) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non\u2010small\u2010cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. However, their significance in PC is not yet understood. This study employs publicly available single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data combined with multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and digital pathology analyses of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from two cohorts (cohort 1,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009235; cohort 2,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009240) to identify CAF subtypes in localized PC and their association with biochemical recurrence (BCR) by uni\u2010 and multivariable [adjusted for Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment postsurgical (CAPRA\u2010S) score] Cox regression analyses. We identified myCAFs, iCAFs, and apCAFs in PC by analyzing scRNA\u2010seq and ST data. We also identified the three CAF subtypes by mIF staining of RP specimens from cohorts 1 and 2. In prostate tumors, higher numbers of apCAFs and myCAFs were present close to malignant versus adjacent nonmalignant (AN) glands (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, Wilcoxon test), whereas we saw no significant difference for iCAFs. In univariable Cox regression analyses, high levels of apCAFs and iCAFs were associated with increased risk of BCR in cohort 1 [apCAF: hazard ratio (HR): 1,78,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, iCAF: HR: 1,76,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05] and confirmed in cohort 2 (apCAF: HR: 1.85,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, iCAF: HR: 2.06,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, both apCAF and iCAF levels remained independently associated with BCR after adjustment for CAPRA\u2010S score. Our findings imply the potential of CAF subtypes as biomarkers for risk stratification in PC. \u00a9 2026 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/path.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:41:36Z","timestamp":1769492496000},"page":"413-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cancer\u2010associated fibroblast subtypes in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and associations to patient outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6787-3961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Lunau","family":"Blanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Vinu","family":"Salachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9452-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanette B\u00e6hr","family":"Georgsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Freds\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3551-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedicte","family":"Ulh\u00f8i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Borre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Urology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-5490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina 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