{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T10:12:16Z","timestamp":1791022336093,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]],"date-time":"2004-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biotransformation plays a crucial role in carcinogen activity and many genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolising enzymes have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. Such polymorphisms can lead to considerable variation in the activities of these enzymes, which are crucial in carcinogen and drug metabolism. These variations could play a role in the risk of developing paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) by their varying action on environmental carcinogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study looked for two polymorphisms (m1 and m2) in the <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYP2D6*4<\/jats:italic> genes and deletions of the glutathione S\u2010transferases (<jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>) in 118 paediatric ALL patients and 118 age matched control children. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to study gene polymorphisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children with ALL, <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m1 polymorphism was evident in 42.4% of subjects and <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m2 in 37.3%. These were significantly different from the results obtained for control children (20.3% for <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m1 and 19.5% for m2). Subjects with <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m1 homozygous variant had a sixfold risk and <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m2 a fourfold risk. In contrast, <jats:italic>CYP2D6*4<\/jats:italic> was more prevalent in the controls than in the cases. Subjects with <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> deletions had increased risk of ALL (OR\u2009=\u20092.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). The odds ratios for both <jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> m1 and m2 homozygous polymorphisms being associated with childhood ALL was 5.67 (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.11\u201315.27). The odds ratios for both <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> deletions being associated with ALL was 2.78 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.67\u201311.56).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes appear to influence susceptibility to childhood ALL. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]],"date-time":"2004-05-25T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1085511673000},"page":"560-567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Genetic polymorphism of <i>CYP1A1<\/i>, <i>CYP2D6<\/i>, <i>GSTM1<\/i> and <i>GSTT1<\/i> and susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Indian 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