{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:29:06Z","timestamp":1791167346757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twin concordance studies help evaluate the contribution of genetic factors in childhood cancers, but previous reports have primarily focused on leukemia because of the rarity of other malignancies. In the current report, a large cohort of childhood cancer survivors was used to: (1) describe twin concordance patterns for a range of cancers, (2) calculate the standardized incidence rates of cancers in twins, and (3) describe clinical features and outcomes of concordant twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer family history was obtained on the 211 twins participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) (14,352 participants surviving \u22655 years after a malignancy diagnosed at &lt;21 years during January 1, 1970\u2013December 31, 1986) to calculate probandwise twin concordance rates and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End\u2010Results data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven monozygotic twin pairs were concordant for cancer (six for leukemia, one for non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma), yielding probandwise concordance rates of 9.5%, 20.7%, and 20.0% for all cancer, leukemia, and non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), respectively. No concordance was observed among dizygotic twins or for dissimilar cancers. The SIR in monozygotic twins was 23.3 (95% CI\u2009=\u200911.1\u201348.9) for all cancer, 112.4 (95% CI\u2009=\u200950.5\u2013250.1) for leukemia, and 40.5 (5.7\u2013287.5) for NHL. Concordant twins were similar in age at diagnosis and vital status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twin concordance for cancer is largely restricted to monozygotic twins and hematological malignancies, consistent with in utero malignancy transmission demonstrated by others. Our data support clinical monitoring of the twins of cases with hematological malignancies, and does not contribute evidence for genetic factors in other cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 46:476\u2013481. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T22:56:15Z","timestamp":1123109775000},"page":"476-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The risk of cancer in twins: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nina S.","family":"Kadan\u2010Lottick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toana","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann C.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie L.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise C.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991201)86:11 <2464::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365599950510012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502163320701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.4.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32452-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-12-3817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"The genetic epidemiology of cancer: Interpreting family and twin studies and their implications for molecular genetic approaches","volume":"10","author":"Risch N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000091602.06231.aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Measures of twin concordance","volume":"17","author":"Allen G","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Genet Stat Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/18.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199604)26:4<223::AID-MPO1>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Statistical methods in cancer research, volume ii\u2014The design and analysis of cohort studies","author":"Breslow N","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196405212702102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Deaths from childhood leukemia and solid tumors among twins and other sibs in the united states, 1960\u201367","volume":"46","author":"Miller RW","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(62)80014-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197905033001807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363358a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)09403-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(99)00296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2001","volume":"51","author":"Martin J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics.Advance report of final natality statistics 1988. 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