{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:11:11Z","timestamp":1697695871316},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compare methodological approaches for evaluating gene\u2013environment interaction using a planned study of pediatric leukemia as a practical example. We considered three design options: a full case\u2010control study (Option I), a case\u2010only study (Option II), and a partial case\u2010control study (Option III), in which information on controls is limited to environmental exposure only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>For each design option we determined its ability to measure the main effects of environmental factor E and genetic factor G, and the interaction between E and G. Using the leukemia study example, we calculated sample sizes required to detect and odds ratio (OR) of 2.0 for E alone, an OR of 10 for G alone and an interaction G\u2009\u00d7\u2009E of 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Option I allows measuring both main effects and interaction, but requires a total sample size of 1,500 cases and 1,500 controls. Option II allows measuring only interaction, but requires just 121 cases. Option III allows calculating the main effect of E, and interaction, but not the main effect of G, and requires a total of 156 cases and 133 controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case, the partial case\u2010control study (Option III) appears to be more efficient with respect to its ability to answer the research questions for the amount of resources required. The design options considered in this example are not limited to observational epidemiology and may be applicable in studies of pharmacogenomics, survivorship, and other areas of pediatric ALL research. Pediatr Blood Cancer. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T17:49:13Z","timestamp":1154022553000},"page":"375-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Study design options in evaluating gene\u2010environment interactions: Practical considerations for a planned case\u2010control study of pediatric leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Dana Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.3.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Khoury MJ","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199903000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780130206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09412-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.112218799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)09403-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.1999.0905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008243430803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"MorrisonJ GaudermanJ.Quanto v.0.5 technical documentation. University of Southern California;2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06418-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"1985","article-title":"Tel\/aml1 fusion resulting from a cryptic t(12;21) is the most common genetic lesion in pediatric all and defines a subgroup of patients with an excellent prognosis","volume":"9","author":"Shurtleff S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","volume-title":"Epidemiology of childhood cancer","author":"Little J","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115074"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpbc.20933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.20933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T20:03:05Z","timestamp":1697659385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pbc.20933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pbc.20933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.20933","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]]}}}