{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:59:29Z","timestamp":1789387169490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]],"date-time":"2007-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>, formerly <jats:italic>carinii<\/jats:italic>, pneumonia (PCP) poses a life\u2010threatening risk to oncology patients. The use of trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2010SMZ) prophylaxis virtually eliminates the risk of infection; however, many patients cannot tolerate TMP\u2010SMZ. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the PCP breakthrough rate in pediatric oncology patients receiving intravenous pentamidine as second line PCP prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric oncology patients who received intravenous pentamidine from 2001 to 2006 at our institution. The diagnosis, age and bone marrow transplant (BMT) status were determined. A subset of patients had review of their records to determine the justification for discontinuing TMP\u2010SMZ. Children who developed symptoms of pneumonia with a clinical suspicion of PCP underwent bronchoscopy, allowing for identification of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 232 patients received 1,706 doses of intravenous pentamidine and no toxicities were identified. The main reasons for discontinuing TMP\u2010SMZ were bone marrow suppression and drug allergy. Three children developed PCP, equating to a breakthrough rate of 1.3%. Two of these children had undergone BMT (1.9% breakthrough rate) and both were under the age of two (6.5% breakthrough rate).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of intravenous pentamidine as PCP prophylaxis results in a breakthrough rate of 1.3%. TMP\u2010SMZ is the first choice for PCP prophylaxis. However, when necessary, the use of intravenous pentamidine has an acceptably low failure rate, even in high\u2010risk BMT patients. Other options should be considered for children less than 2 years of age. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:779\u2013783. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]],"date-time":"2007-07-17T19:19:54Z","timestamp":1184699994000},"page":"779-783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Intravenous pentamidine is effective as second line <i>Pneumocystis<\/i> pneumonia prophylaxis in pediatric oncology patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Su Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix A.","family":"Dabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith K.","family":"Chuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Loeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.61.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.2.305-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-8791(00)70050-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2002.t01-1-00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.1.136","article-title":"Successful Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis using aerosolized pentamidine in children with acute leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Weinthal J","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1994.12.2.258","article-title":"Aerosolized pentamidine for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer intolerant or allergic to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole","volume":"12","author":"Mustafa MM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950180406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.6.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.19502308105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314893"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22562"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497381"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2005.11.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000168974.67090.70"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpbc.21287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.21287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T03:46:55Z","timestamp":1697082415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pbc.21287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pbc.21287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.21287","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]}}}