{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:55:21Z","timestamp":1761310521679},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,19]],"date-time":"2008-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland","award":["CA 23099","21765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA 23099","21765"]}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), Memphis, Tennessee"},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, New York"},{"name":"St. Giles Foundation, New York, New York"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of chemotherapy, focal therapies, radiation and co\u2010existing ocular morbidities on histology of eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated following chemoreduction is not well known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five eyes (23 patients) with retinoblastoma enucleated after failing eye\u2010salvage therapy were evaluated. Reasons for enucleation (tumor progression, subretinal or vitreous seeds) and co\u2010morbid conditions (neovascular glaucoma, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment) were documented. All specimens were reviewed for evidence of ciliary body, choroidal, optic nerve, and scleral invasion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median age at diagnosis was 14 months (range, 1\u201337 months). Twenty eyes were classified as Reese\u2010Ellsworth Group IV\u2013V at diagnosis. Twenty\u2010four eyes had recurrent disease at enucleation; one eye was enucleated for neovascular glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage. Co\u2010existing ocular morbidities at enucleation included vitreous hemorrhage (n\u2009=\u20096), retinal detachment (n\u2009=\u20099), neovascular glaucoma (n\u2009=\u20099) and cataracts (n\u2009=\u20093). Histologic findings included choroidal invasion (n\u2009=\u20097), ciliary body invasion (n\u2009=\u20094), optic nerve invasion (n\u2009=\u20096) and scleral invasion (n\u2009=\u20093). The median time from diagnosis to enucleation was 11 months. Co\u2010existing retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage significantly increased the likelihood of optic nerve invasion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011, respectively). Prolonged time to enucleation was significantly associated with the likelihood of choroidal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010) and ciliary body (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021) invasion as well as invasion of multiple sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated after chemoreduction, co\u2010existing ocular morbidities and time to enucleation are predictive of extra\u2010retinal extension. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:351\u2013356. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,19]],"date-time":"2008-11-19T15:58:31Z","timestamp":1227110311000},"page":"351-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Predictive factors of invasion in eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated after eye salvage treatments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Billups","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barrett G.","family":"Haik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Qaddoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-007-0015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.5.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.7.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200001000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000225350.83931.f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(03)80010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"340","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of seven globes enucleated after primary radiation therapy for malignant melanoma of the choroid or ciliary body","volume":"25","author":"Liszauer AD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33399-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1986.tb06945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.63.8.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32325-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33436-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32910-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940201)73:3<692::AID-CNCR2820730331>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Evaluation of chemoprophylaxis in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma with high\u2010risk features on histopathologic examination","volume":"119","author":"Uusitalo MS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960315)77:6<1206::AID-CNCR30>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.5.680"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199909000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30319-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20010501-11","article-title":"Clinicopathologic factors related to metastasis in retinoblastoma","volume":"38","author":"Wang A\u2010G","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0226"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; 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