{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:25:59Z","timestamp":1762176359645,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008485","name":"Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fondation Recherche sur le Cancer de l'enfant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the frame of a twinning programme with Nicaragua, The La Mascota project, we evaluated in our study the contribution of cytogenetic characterization of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as prognostic factor compared to clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients with ALL treated at the only cancer pediatric hospital in Nicaragua during 2006 were studied prospectively. Diagnostic immunophenotyping was performed locally and bone marrow or blood samples were sent to the cytogenetic laboratory of Zurich for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and G\u2010banding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six patients with ALL were evaluated. Their mean age at diagnosis was 7.3 years, 31.8% were \u226510 years. Thirty\u2010four patients (51.5%) presented with hyperleucocytosis \u226550\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L, 45 (68.2%) had hepatosplenomegaly. Immunophenotypically 63\/66 patients (95%) had a B\u2010precursor, 2 (3%) a T\u2010 and 1 (1.5%) a B\u2010mature ALL. FISH analysis demonstrated a TEL\/AML1 fusion in 9\/66 (14%), BCR\/ABL fusion in 1 (1.5%), MLL rearrangement in 2 (3.1%), iAMP21 in 2 (3.1%), MYC rearrangement in 1 (1.5%), and high\u2010hyperdiploidy in 16 (24%). All patients but two with TEL\/AML1 fusion and high\u2010hyperdiploidy were clinically and hematologically in the standard risk group whereas those with poor cytogenetic factors had clinical high\u2010risk features and were treated intensively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to Europe, the ALL population in Nicaragua is older, has a higher proportion of poor prognostic clinical and hematological features and receives more intensive treatment, while patients with TEL\/AML1 translocations and high\u2010hyperdiploidy are clinically in the standard risk group. Cytogenetics did not contribute as an additional prognostic factor in this setting. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1238\u20131241. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]],"date-time":"2009-08-11T17:52:47Z","timestamp":1250013167000},"page":"1238-1241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cytogenetic characterization of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Nicaragua"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ceppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Niggli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja Beck","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra023001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14228-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb46222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"1225","volume-title":"Principles and practice of pediatric oncology","author":"Magrath I","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950250307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808273390907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5340.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83125-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004063421402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.1.315","article-title":"Hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with 51 to 65 chromosomes: A distinct biological entity with a marked propensity to undergo apoptosis","volume":"93","author":"Ito C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07077-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 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