{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:31:56Z","timestamp":1785828716474,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,2]],"date-time":"2012-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is evidence that exposure to chlorinated solvents may be associated with childhood medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (M\/PNET) risk. Animal models suggest genes related to detoxification and DNA repair are important in the carcinogenicity of these pollutants; however, there have been no human studies assessing the modifying effects of these genotypes on the association between chlorinated solvents and childhood M\/PNET risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010only study to evaluate census tract\u2010level exposure to chlorinated solvents and the risk of childhood M\/PNET in the context of detoxification and DNA repair genotypes. Cases (n\u2009=\u200998) were obtained from Texas Children's Hospital and MD Anderson Cancer Center. Key genotypes (n\u2009=\u200922) were selected from the Illumina Human 1M Quad SNP Chip. Exposure to chlorinated solvents (methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride) was estimated from the US EPA's 1999 Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN). Logistic regression was used to estimate the case\u2010only odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 11 significant gene\u2013environment interactions associated with childhood M\/PNET risk. However, after correcting for multiple comparisons, only the interaction between high trichloroethylene levels and <jats:italic>OGG1<\/jats:italic> rs293795 significantly increased the risk of childhood M\/PNET risk (OR\u2009=\u20099.24, 95% CI: 2.24, 38.24, Q\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides an initial assessment of the interaction between ambient levels of chlorinated solvents and potentially relevant genotypes on childhood M\/PNET risk. Our results are exploratory and must be validated in animal models, as well as additional human studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:605\u2013610. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T16:04:40Z","timestamp":1330963480000},"page":"605-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An exploratory case\u2010only analysis of gene\u2010hazardous air pollutant interactions and the risk of childhood medulloblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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