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Platelet activation is critical for thrombus formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Platelet activation studies were performed in 50 subjects: 18 SCA patients with history of stroke or abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD) and intracranial stenosis seen by magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA), 7 SCA patients with history of stroke or abnormal TCD but no intracranial stenosis, 13 SCA patients with no history of stroke or abnormal TCD, and 12 healthy African\u2010Americans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 18 patients with intracranial stenosis, 11 (61%) had evidence of the moyo\u2010moya phenomenon on MRA. SCA children with intracranial stenosis had a significantly greater total white cell count compared to both healthy African\u2010American controls and SCA patients in the steady\u2010state (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In addition, SCA patients with history of stroke or abnormal TCD had a significantly higher platelet count compared to healthy African\u2010American controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.002). The percentage of platelet surface P\u2010selectin expression was significantly greater in patients with intracranial stenosis compared to the other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), particularly in individuals that did not have the moya\u2010moya phenomenon seen on MRA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke with intracranial stenosis is associated with increased platelet activation in sickle cell anemia, and further investigation is needed on the role of anti\u2010platelet agents in this high\u2010risk population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1192\u20131197. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T13:47:48Z","timestamp":1363614468000},"page":"1192-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Stroke with intracranial stenosis is associated with increased platelet activation in sickle cell anemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Suvankar","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Norcross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkat","family":"Mannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Lirette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathi","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90772-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: Rates and risk factors","volume":"91","author":"Ohene\u2010Frempong K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197210262871703"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199023000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V63.1.162.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.6.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199709000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.5.1525.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.4.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093547"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000144441.29899.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680490279410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680490278312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(97)90005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.115450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000220374.00602.a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199604)51:4<296::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Platelet activation during steady state sickle cell disease","volume":"14","author":"Westwick J","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-061697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70469-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.9.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Vascular lesions in the central nervous system in sickle cell disease (neuropathology)","volume":"1","author":"Koshy M","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Assoc Acad Minor Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000081765.88440.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-01-0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","unstructured":"MajumdarS SmithMG MegasonGC et al.In vitro platelet activation in sickle cell disease under pathophysiological shear stress. 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