{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:14:13Z","timestamp":1782738853308,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV\u2010associated malignancy in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. The presentation and outcomes of pediatric KS are not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 81 HIV\u2010infected children with KS at the Baylor Children's Clinical Centres of Excellence in Malawi and Botswana from March 2003 to October 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010one children with KS were identified whose median age was 8.0 (inter\u2010quartile range 5.1\u201311.3) years. KS lesions were presented primarily on the skin (83%), lymph nodes (52%), and oral mucosa (41%). Occasionally disease was limited to the lymph nodes only (10%). Severe immunosuppression (70%), anemia (29%), and thrombocytopenia (17%) were common laboratory findings. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was administered to 94% of children, including 77% who received HAART plus chemotherapy. KS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurred in 22%. Disease status 12 months after KS diagnosis was determined for 69 children: 43% were alive and 57% had died. Severe immunosuppression was independently associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (OR\u2009=\u20094.3; 95% CI 1.3\u201314.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>KS occurs in a significant number of HIV infected children in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Pediatric KS is distinct from KS in adults. Lymph node involvement was a common manifestation of KS in children, and severe immunosuppression was associated with the highest mortality risk. Though overall mortality was high in children with KS, patients did achieve clinical remission in settings with limited diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1274\u20131280. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T11:54:15Z","timestamp":1363175655000},"page":"1274-1280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV\u2010infected children diagnosed with kaposi sarcoma in malawi and botswana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Carrie M.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader Kim","family":"El\u2010Mallawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Fund Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence Baylor College of Medicine Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Kovarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Dermatopathology and Infectious Disease University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon E.","family":"Schutze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Kazembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Fund Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence Baylor College of Medicine Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parth S.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital, Texas Children's Cancer &amp; Hematology Centers Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318228fb04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960117)65:2<200::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20917"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00288-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1005","article-title":"AIDS among children\u2014United States, 1996","volume":"45","author":"CDC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"WHO Statistical Information System. 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