{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:00:06Z","timestamp":1780491606229,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The National Institutes of Health","award":["K01HL103155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HL103155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at higher risk for grade retention than healthy peers. This is salient because research suggests grade retention is ineffective and places youth at additional risk for negative outcomes. The aims of the present study were to identify possible risk factors for grade retention in youth with SCD and to examine positive family functioning as a possible resilience factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were extracted from phase 3 of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease, a multisite, longitudinal study of individuals with SCD. Participants were 370 youth, aged 6\u201316 years, with complete data on history of grade retention. Collected data included demographics, history of grade retention, disease severity factors, evidence of stroke, family functioning, and academic achievement. A logistic regression model predicting grade retention was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing age, lower reading achievement, and lower family cohesion were predictive of higher likelihood of grade retention. Also, high family achievement\u2010orientation moderated the negative effects of increasing age on likelihood of grade retention, such that at increasing levels of family achievement\u2010orientation, the relationship between age and grade retention decreased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest the need for interventions that promote connectedness and achievement\u2010orientation in families of youth with SCD. Research is also needed to further explore other possible risk or resilience factors for grade retention in this population, such as school absenteeism. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1252\u20131256. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T11:33:39Z","timestamp":1392204819000},"page":"1252-1256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Risk and resilience factors for grade retention in youth with sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Ladd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecelia R.","family":"Valrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy M.","family":"Walcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198808000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Coping with sickle cell anemia: Additional recommendations for school nurses","volume":"15","author":"Javid VR","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2006.00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsh065"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12064"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"The Condition of Education 2009 (NCES 2009\u2010081)","author":"Planty M","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0829573507301038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of grade retention research: Implications for practice in the 21st century","volume":"30","author":"Jimerson SR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sch Psychol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600800956"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/19.2.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The school functioning of children with chronic and recurrent pain","volume":"7","author":"Chan E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pain Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22892"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/14.1.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<279::AID-ANA2>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798499025003006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. 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