{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:11:21Z","timestamp":1781655081678,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an elevated risk of developing acute leukemia, but little is known about treatment\u2010related neuropsychological morbidity because they are systematically excluded from research in this area. The current study investigated neuropsychological outcomes in children with DS treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to children with DS with no history of cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 4 to 17\u2009years of age at testing and were administered measures of intelligence, academic achievement, language, visual\u2010motor and fine\u2010motor skills, and adaptive function. Patients had been off treatment for at least 2\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AML group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) had significantly lower verbal intelligence and receptive vocabulary compared to controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921). By contrast, the ALL group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914) performed significantly worse than controls on measures of verbal intelligence, spelling, receptive and expressive vocabulary, visual\u2010motor skills, and adaptive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with DS treated for AML may have specific post\u2010treatment morbidity in verbal function, whereas those treated for ALL have broader morbidity affecting multiple neuropsychological domains and overall adaptive function. We hypothesize that the broader impairment profile of ALL survivors may be related to a combination of the longer duration of central nervous system\u2010directed treatment for ALL compared to AML and the concomitant limited access to intervention opportunities during active treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:854\u2013858. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T20:04:09Z","timestamp":1419451449000},"page":"854-858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuropsychological late effects of treatment for acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Roncadin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Hitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Montour\u2010Proulx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Alyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Health Sciences Centre Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cairney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda J.","family":"Spiegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2779(2000)6:2<84::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200504000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Cross\u2010domain relations in Down's syndrome","author":"Hodapp R","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200304000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/042)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511582189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-006-9057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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