{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:29:19Z","timestamp":1790281759726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era, outcomes after salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome\u2010positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical courses of 19 patients with relapse (n = 13) or induction failure (n = 6) in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia\/Lymphoma Study Group Ph+ ALL04 study were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen male and four female patients had a median age of 8 (range 4\u201315) years at relapse or induction failure. Patients received imatinib in combination with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper\u2010CVAD) and methotrexate and cytarabine (MTX\/Ara\u2010C) (n = 9), imatinib in combination with other chemotherapy (n = 5), chemotherapy without imatinib (n = 2), imatinib alone (n = 2), or no additional chemotherapy (n = 1). Two patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without achieving complete remission (CR) and died of leukemia. The remaining 17 patients achieved CR with salvage therapies and underwent HSCT whilst in CR: 10 patients remain alive in CR, five died of transplantation\u2010related complications, and two died of relapse. In six of seven patients with available data on minimal residual disease (MRD), imatinib in combination with the first course of hyper\u2010CVAD was more effective in achieving a favorable MRD response compared with the Ph+ ALL04 induction regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggested that cross\u2010resistance to imatinib failed to develop after conventional chemotherapy. Imatinib in combination with chemotherapy including hyper\u2010CVAD+MTX\/Ara\u2010C was effective and safe for relapsed or refractory Ph+ ALL patients who received frontline therapy without imatinib.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T15:39:17Z","timestamp":1484321957000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Salvage therapy for children with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome\u2010positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kodama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center  Aichi 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