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Identification of hemoglobin disorders in most sub\u2010Saharan African countries is delayed until clinical signs of the disease are present. Limited studies have been conducted to understand their prevalence and clinical presentation among newborns in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective cohort study. Newborns (aged 0\u20137 days) at two hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania were enrolled and followed prospectively for 6 months. Clinical and laboratory information were collected at baseline. Participants were screened for hemoglobinopathies using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography. Clinical and laboratory follow\u2010up was performed at 3 and 6 months for those with hemoglobinopathies as well as a comparison group of participants without hemoglobinopathies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 919 newborns were enrolled. Among these, 1.4% (13\/919) had sickle cell anemia or Hb S\/\u03b2<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u2010thalassemia (Hb FS), and 19.7% (181\/919) had sickle cell trait or Hb S\/\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> thalassemia (Hb FAS). Furthermore, 0.2% (two of 919) had \u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010thalassemia. Red cell indices compared between Hb FS, Hb FAS, and Hb FA were similar at baseline, but hemoglobin was lower and red cell distribution width was higher in children with Hb FS at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. Febrile episodes were more common for children with Hb FS at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of sickle cell disease among neonates born in Northwestern Tanzania is one of the highest in the world. Newborn screening is needed early in life to identify neonates with hemoglobinopathies so that clinical management may commence and morbidity and mortality related to hemoglobinopathies be reduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1501667359000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["High birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in Northwestern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6225-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuela E.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Makani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neema","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tulla","family":"Masoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rogatus","family":"Kabyemera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erasmus","family":"Kamugisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alphaxard","family":"Manjurano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neema","family":"Kayange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke R.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"ChristiansonA HowsonCP ModellB.March of dimes global report on birth defects: the hidden toll of dying and disabled children. 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