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Capecitabine, 650\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/dose BID (maximum tolerated dose [MTD] in children with concurrent radiation), was administered for 9\u00a0weeks starting the first day of RT. Following a 2\u2010week break, three courses of capecitabine, 1,250\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/dose BID for 14 days followed by a 7\u2010day rest, were administered. As prospectively designed, 10 evaluable patients treated at the MTD on the phase I trial were included in the phase II analyses. The design was based on comparison of the PFS distribution to a contemporary historical control (n\u00a0=\u00a0140) with 90% power to detect a 15% absolute improvement in the 1\u2010year PFS with a type\u20101 error rate, \u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.10.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four patients were evaluable for the phase II objectives. Capecitabine and RT was well tolerated with low\u2010grade palmar plantar erythrodyesthesia, increased alanine aminotransferase, cytopenias, and vomiting the most commonly reported toxicities. Findings were significant for earlier progression with 1\u2010year PFS of 7.21% (SE\u00a0=\u00a03.47%) in the capecitabine\u2010treated cohort versus 15.59% (SE\u00a0=\u00a03.05%) in the historical control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), but there was no difference for overall survival (OS) distributions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.30). Tumor enhancement at diagnosis was associated with shorter PFS and OS. Capecitabine was rapidly absorbed and converted to its metabolites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Capecitabine did not improve the outcome for children with newly diagnosed DIPG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T07:46:53Z","timestamp":1509522413000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A pediatric brain tumor consortium phase II trial of capecitabine rapidly disintegrating tablets with concomitant radiation therapy in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay B.","family":"Kilburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of 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